Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

3.9K

Outlet Ventricular Septal Defect in an Elderly Male

Gaurav K Sharma1, Wasey Ali Yadullahi Mir2, Daniela Kovacs1

  • 1Cardiology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, USA.

Cureus
|September 17, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a common heart anomaly. In rare cases, outlet VSD can cause aortic insufficiency, necessitating closure regardless of VSD size.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart anomaly in children and the second most common in adults.
  • Hemodynamic compromise in VSD results from abnormal communication between the ventricles, causing shunt formation.
  • While most small VSDs close spontaneously in infancy, some persist into adulthood.

Observation:

  • This case report details an adult patient with an outlet VSD.
  • The VSD led to secondary aortic insufficiency due to aortic valve leaflet prolapse.
  • Specifically, the prolapse affected the right coronary cusp (RCC) while sparing the left coronary cusp.

Findings:

  • Outlet VSD can cause aortic valve leaflet prolapse.
  • Prolapse of the right coronary cusp (RCC) is a significant finding in outlet VSD.
  • This prolapse can lead to permanent aortic insufficiency.

Implications:

  • Closure of outlet VSD is indicated when associated with aortic insufficiency, irrespective of the VSD size.
  • Early recognition and intervention for outlet VSD with RCC prolapse are crucial to prevent irreversible aortic valve damage.
  • This case highlights the importance of echocardiographic evaluation for aortic valve function in patients with VSD.

Keywords:
adultaortic valve insufficiencycongenital heart defectshemodynamicsventricular septal defects

More Related Videos

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence10:52

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence

Published on: December 23, 2022

4.0K
Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery04:48

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

8.1K

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
84
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
46
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
77
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
82
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
77
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
54