COVID-19-Associated Dysautonomia
Krithika Suresh1, Md Didar Ul Alam1, Emily Satkovich1
1Internal Medicine, Conemaugh Memorial Medical Center, Johnstown, USA.
Insights
Orthostatic hypotension (OH), a drop in blood pressure upon standing, can be caused by COVID-19 related autonomic dysfunction. Treatment with midodrine and fludrocortisone effectively managed OH and falls in a patient with COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a significant blood pressure (BP) drop upon standing, often due to impaired autonomic reflexes or volume depletion.
- Neurological symptoms, including dysautonomia, have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Observation:
- This report details a case of a patient experiencing OH and recurrent falls.
- The patient's symptoms were found to be secondary to an underlying COVID-19 infection and associated dysautonomia.
Findings:
- The patient presented with orthostatic hypotension and recurrent falls.
- COVID-19 infection was identified as the underlying cause of the patient's dysautonomia and OH.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potential for COVID-19 to cause or exacerbate orthostatic hypotension through dysautonomia.
- Successful treatment of OH in this context was achieved using midodrine and fludrocortisone.
- Further research into the neurological sequelae of COVID-19, particularly concerning autonomic function, is warranted.
Abstract:
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) refers to a significant reduction in blood pressure (BP) that occurs on standing. It mainly results when autonomic reflexes are impaired or when the intravascular volume is depleted. Symptoms can range from syncope, dizziness, even angina or stroke. Major mechanisms causing OH are autonomic dysfunction affecting the baroreflex, severe volume depletion, and adverse medication effects. Case reports have described neurologic symptom association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including dysautonomia. Although most common symptoms of COVID have been primarily respiratory including fever, cough, shortness of breath, myriad other presentations including neurological, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and thromboembolic presentations have also been described. We describe a patient who was found to have OH and recurrent falls secondary to underlying COVID-19 infection and associated dysautonomia who was successfully treated with midodrine and fludrocortisone.
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