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Pseudomembranous Tracheobronchitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Luise J Froessl1, Yazan Abdeen2
1Medicine/Pulmonary, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
Cureus
|September 17, 2021
Summary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis (PMTB), a rare form of endobronchial TB. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe respiratory complications.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) affects multiple organ systems, with endobronchial TB (EBTB) being a less common but serious manifestation.
- EBTB can lead to tracheobronchial stenosis and chronic respiratory failure if not promptly managed.
Observation:
- A 43-year-old female presented with symptoms including weight loss, dyspnea, and hoarseness, alongside a left upper lobe cavitary lesion.
- Initial antibiotic treatments were ineffective, prompting a bronchoscopy.
Findings:
- Bronchoscopy revealed pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis (PMTB).
- Endobronchial samples confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- The patient showed clinical improvement after initiating standard anti-TB quadruple therapy.
Implications:
- This case highlights tuberculous PMTB as a previously unreported subtype of EBTB.
- Recognizing this condition is vital for appropriate diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention.
- Further research into the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for tuberculous PMTB is warranted.
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