Animal models of corneal endothelial dysfunction to facilitate development of novel therapies

Progressive corneal endothelial disease eventually leads to corneal edema and vision loss due to the limited regenerative capacity of the corneal endothelium in vivo and is a major indication for corneal transplantation. Despite the relatively high success rate of corneal transplantation, there remains a pressing global clinical need to identify improved therapeutic strategies to address this debilitating condition. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel therapeutics, there is a growing demand for pre-clinical animal models of corneal endothelial dysfunction. In this review, experimentally induced, spontaneously occurring and genetically modified animal models of corneal endothelial dysfunction are described to assist researchers in making informed decisions regarding the selection of the most appropriate animal models to meet their research goals.