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Cell patterning by secretion-induced plasma membrane flows.

Veneta Gerganova1, Iker Lamas1, David M Rutkowski2

  • 1Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.

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|September 17, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular self-organization involves membrane flows that restrict protein activity zones. Polarized exocytosis drives these flows, influencing cell shape and patterning through negative feedback mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Cells utilize reaction-diffusion and fluid-flow principles for self-organization.
  • The role of bulk membrane flows in cell patterning remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if polarized exocytosis-induced membrane flows contribute to cell patterning.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which membrane flows influence protein distribution and cell shape.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling
  • Optogenetics
  • Synthetic probes
  • Analysis of protein distribution in fission yeast

Main Results:

  • Polarized exocytosis generates lateral membrane flows away from insertion sites.
  • Membrane-associated proteins with low diffusion/detachment rates couple to these flows, leading to depletion from exocytosis regions.
  • Membrane flows pattern the distribution of the GTPase activating protein (GAP) Rga4.
  • Coupling a synthetic GAP to membrane flows is sufficient to establish rod-like cell shape.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane flows induced by Cdc42-dependent exocytosis create a negative feedback loop.
  • This feedback mechanism restricts the zone of Cdc42 activity, contributing to cell shape determination.
  • Membrane flows are a critical factor in cellular self-organization and patterning.