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Repeated sequences in plant plastid genomes (plastomes) are linked to structural rearrangements like inversions, particularly in the Astragalus genus. These repeats may result from, rather than cause, inversions, influencing their propagation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Molecular evolution
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Plastid genomes (plastomes) in green plants typically exhibit conserved gene content and structure.
  • However, some lineages show significant plastome rearrangements, often correlated with abundant repeated sequences.
  • The Astragalus genus (Fabaceae), part of the inverted repeat-lacking clade, provides a model to study these rearrangements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between repeated sequences and plastome inversions within the Astragalus genus.
  • To understand the evolutionary dynamics of plastome structure in closely related taxa.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of 25 plastomes from Astragalus taxa.
  • Analysis of plastome repeat structure and identification of large-scale inversions.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to assess the signal of repeat structure.

Main Results:

  • Plastome repeat structure displays a strong phylogenetic signal within the Neo-Astragalus clade.
  • Taxa lacking inversions showed similar overall repeat structures to those with single large-scale inversions.
  • Independent origins of inversions were inferred from differing endpoints between the same gene pairs.
  • Short inverted repeats near inversion endpoints may be a consequence, not a cause, of inversions.

Conclusions:

  • Plastome rearrangement mechanisms in Astragalus are influenced by repeat structures.
  • Longer inverted repeats may facilitate the propagation of inversions initially mediated by microhomology.
  • This highlights the complex interplay between repeats and genome plasticity in plant evolution.