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Yoga for Substance Use: A Systematic Review.

Namrata Walia1, Jennifer Matas2, Acara Turner2

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Yoga interventions show promise in improving outcomes for substance use disorders (SUDs), reducing anxiety, pain, and craving. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm yoga

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Area of Science:

  • Integrative medicine
  • Mental health research
  • Addiction treatment

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUDs) result from complex genetic, environmental, developmental, and social factors.
  • Yoga is increasingly recognized as a complementary treatment for various health conditions, including SUDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of yoga as a standalone intervention for adults with substance use disorders.
  • To analyze the impact of yoga on primary outcomes such as anxiety, pain, and craving in individuals with SUDs.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across five databases.
  • Included studies focused on Hatha yoga, Sudarshan Kriya yoga, breathing exercises, and meditation, excluding those combining yoga with other interventions.
  • Eight RCTs met eligibility criteria, with quality assessed using Cochrane criteria.

Main Results:

  • Seven out of eight studies reported significant improvements in primary outcomes like anxiety, pain, and reduced substance use.
  • The studies primarily focused on tobacco, alcohol, or opioid use disorders.
  • Yoga demonstrated positive outcomes, often in conjunction with pharmacological treatments such as opioid substitution therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Yoga appears to be a promising adjunctive therapy for substance use disorders, positively impacting key symptoms.
  • While results are encouraging, higher-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes are necessary to definitively establish yoga's efficacy in treating SUDs.