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Instrumented 5-Time Sit-To-Stand Test: Parameters Predicting Serious Falls beyond the Duration of the Test.

Arash Atrsaei1, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu1, Helene Krief2

  • 1Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement (LMAM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Gerontology
|September 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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An instrumented 5-time sit-to-stand (5xSTS) test using inertial measurement units (IMUs) offers superior fall risk prediction in older adults compared to traditional stopwatch methods. The IMU captures detailed biomechanical data, identifying fallers more effectively than simple test duration.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Falls are a significant cause of injury in older adults.
  • The 5-time sit-to-stand (5xSTS) test is a common clinical assessment for fall risk.
  • Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer advanced biomechanical analysis during movement tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if an instrumented 5xSTS test provides better prediction of multiple or serious falls than the conventional stopwatch method.
  • To investigate the added value of IMU-derived biomechanical parameters in fall risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • 458 community-dwelling older adults participated in the study.
  • An IMU was worn on the trunk to capture temporal, kinematic, kinetic, and smoothness parameters during the 5xSTS test.
Keywords:
Five-time sit-to-standInertial sensorOlder adultsRisk of fallsWearables

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  • Data were compared with stopwatch measurements of test duration.

    • Main Results:

    • IMU and stopwatch duration measurements showed excellent agreement (r=0.99).
    • Fallers exhibited slower vertical velocity, reduced acceleration, lower power, and lower jerk compared to non-fallers.
    • Test duration alone, measured by either method, did not differentiate between fallers and non-fallers.

    Conclusions:

    • An instrumented 5xSTS test provides crucial biomechanical insights beyond simple duration.
    • IMU-based analysis enhances the prediction of multiple or serious falls in older adults.
    • Instrumented 5xSTS testing offers a more sensitive assessment of fall risk than conventional methods.