DAPL1 is a novel regulator of testosterone production in Leydig cells of mouse testis

Leydig cells in the testes produce testosterone in the presence of gonadotropins. Therefore, male testosterone levels must oscillate within a healthy spectrum, given that elevated testosterone levels augment the risk of cardiovascular disorders. We observed that the expression of death-associated protein-like 1 (DAPL1), which is involved in the early stages of epithelial differentiation and apoptosis, is considerably higher in the testes of sexually mature mice than in other tissues. Accordingly, Dapl1-null mice were constructed to evaluate this variation. Notably, in these mice, the testicular levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and serum testosterone levels were significantly elevated on postnatal day 49. The findings were confirmed in vitro using I-10 mouse testis-derived tumor cells. The in vivo and in vitro data revealed the DAPL1-regulated the expression of StAR involving altered transcription of critical proteins in the protein kinase A and CREB/CREM pathways in Leydig cells. The collective findings implicate DAPL1 as an important factor for steroidogenesis regulation, and DAPL1 deregulation may be related to high endogenous levels of testosterone.