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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

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Plasma cell generation during T-cell-dependent immune responses.

Wataru Ise1,2, Tomohiro Kurosaki2,3,4

  • 1Regulation of Host Defense Team, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

International Immunology
|September 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Plasma cells, crucial for antibody secretion in humoral immunity, are generated through various immune responses. Their differentiation is regulated by transcription factors, epigenetic changes, and interactions with T follicular helper cells.

Keywords:
B cellantibodyepigeneticsgerminal centertranscription factor

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor
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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Plasma cells are essential for antibody production and humoral immunity.
  • Antibodies neutralize pathogens, playing a critical role in immune defense.
  • Plasma cell generation occurs during primary, germinal center, and memory immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing plasma cell differentiation.
  • To highlight the role of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications in plasma cell generation.
  • To understand the influence of antigen affinity and T follicular helper cell interactions on plasma cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune cell differentiation pathways.
  • Investigation of key transcription factors involved in B cell maturation.
  • Examination of epigenetic modifications impacting plasma cell development.
  • Assessment of B cell interactions with T follicular helper cells.

Main Results:

  • Plasma cell differentiation is a complex process influenced by multiple factors.
  • Key transcription factors and epigenetic modifications are critical regulators.
  • Antigen affinity and T follicular helper cell contact strength modulate plasma cell fate.
  • Distinct immune responses contribute to plasma cell generation.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma cell generation is tightly regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
  • Understanding these regulatory networks is vital for advancing humoral immunity research.
  • Further research into epigenetic and cell-cell interaction mechanisms will refine our knowledge of antibody-secreting cells.