Changes in activity levels, physical functioning, and fall risk during the COVID-19 pandemic

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Physical function declines with age, increasing injury risk, particularly in sedentary and isolated older adults.
• The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated physical decline and fall risks due to reduced physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, social isolation, physical function, and fall risks in U.S. adults aged 50-80.
• To identify associations between changes in health behaviors, physical function, and fall outcomes since March 2020.

Main Methods:

• A nationally representative online survey of 2006 U.S. adults (aged 50-80) was conducted in January 2021.
• Data collected included changes in physical activity, time spent on feet, social isolation, physical function (mobility, conditioning), and falls.
• Multivariable logistic regression analyzed relationships among these factors.

Main Results:

• Over 35% of older adults reported reduced physical activity and daily time on their feet.
• Decreased physical activity, less time on feet, and social isolation were linked to worsened physical conditioning and mobility.
• Worsened mobility correlated with increased fall risk and fear of falling. Social isolation also increased fear of falling.

Conclusions:

• The COVID-19 pandemic significantly worsened physical functioning and fall outcomes in older adults.
• Reduced physical activity and social isolation were key factors contributing to these negative outcomes.
• Targeted public health interventions are necessary to address physical activity and social isolation in this demographic.