MRI based morphological examination of the placenta.

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Obstetrics
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Ultrasound is the primary diagnostic imaging tool in pregnancy, offering high spatial and temporal resolution.
• While fetal assessment has been the main focus of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in pregnancy, its application in placental imaging has significantly expanded.
• MRI provides superior contrast resolution and a wide field of view, enhancing placental anatomical characterization, particularly in complex cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review MRI sequences and common findings for placental imaging.
• To highlight the importance of recognizing and reporting placental findings on fetal MRI.
• To discuss specific placental anomalies where dedicated placental MRI may be indicated.

Main Methods:

• Review of MRI sequences utilized for placental imaging.
• Description of imaging features for normal placental anatomy.
• Identification of abnormal placental findings on MRI, including those relevant to fetal indications.

Main Results:

• MRI enables detailed anatomical evaluation of the placenta, irrespective of maternal body habitus or fetal position.
• MRI is particularly valuable for diagnosing conditions like placenta accreta, which can be challenging with ultrasound.
• Specific MRI sequences and characteristic findings for normal and abnormal placentas are presented.

Conclusions:

• Placental MRI is a powerful tool for anatomical assessment, offering advantages over ultrasound in specific scenarios.
• Radiologists should be aware of key placental features and potential anomalies during fetal MRI examinations.
• Dedicated placental MRI protocols can aid in the diagnosis and management of various placental pathologies.