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Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus KSHV
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Cancers associated with human gammaherpesviruses.

Kwun Wah Wen1, Linlin Wang2, Joshua R Menke3

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The FEBS Journal
|September 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses. This review details their viral cycles, oncogenic proteins, and associated neoplastic diseases.

Keywords:
Burkitt lymphomaEBNAsEpstein-Barr virusKaposi sarcomaKaposi sarcoma-associated virus/human herpesvirus 8LANAmulticentric Castleman diseasenasopharyngeal carcinomapost-transplant lymphoproliferative diseaseprimary effusion lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Oncology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; human herpesvirus 4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8) are human gammaherpesviruses with oncogenic potential.
  • These viruses infect various cell types, including lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, leading to diverse lymphoproliferative diseases, carcinomas, and sarcomas.
  • EBV is linked to lymphomas and carcinomas, while KSHV is associated with Kaposi sarcoma, lymphomas, and multicentric Castleman disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of EBV and KSHV.
  • To detail their viral lifecycles and oncogenic viral proteins.
  • To summarize the pathogenesis and clinicopathology of EBV- and KSHV-associated neoplastic entities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on EBV and KSHV.
  • Analysis of viral proteins involved in oncogenesis.
  • Synthesis of information on pathogenesis and clinicopathology of associated cancers.

Main Results:

  • EBV and KSHV exhibit distinct viral cycles (lymphocryptovirus and rhadinovirus, respectively).
  • Specific viral proteins expressed during latent and lytic phases contribute to oncogenesis.
  • A wide range of B-cell lymphomas, epithelial cancers, and endothelial sarcomas are associated with these viruses.

Conclusions:

  • EBV and KSHV pathogenesis is closely tied to their viral proteins and lifecycles.
  • Understanding these viruses is crucial for diagnosing and potentially treating associated cancers.
  • Further research into viral mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies against EBV- and KSHV-driven neoplasms.