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COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Manifestations and Pharmacologic Interventions Including Vaccine Trials

Ramon Galindo1, Heather Chow1, Chokechai Rongkavilit1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco-Fresno Branch Campus, 155 North Fresno Street, Suite 219, Fresno, CA 93701-2302, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|September 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Most children experience mild COVID-19 symptoms and require only supportive care. Antiviral therapy is reserved for severe cases, with Pfizer-BioNTech

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health

Background:

  • COVID-19 in children typically presents with milder symptoms than in adults.
  • Supportive care is the primary treatment modality for pediatric COVID-19.
  • Antiviral therapies are considered for severe or critical pediatric cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of COVID-19 in children.
  • To review treatment strategies for pediatric COVID-19.
  • To provide an overview of COVID-19 vaccine development and its application in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric COVID-19 cases.
  • Analysis of treatment guidelines for pediatric COVID-19.
  • Summary of global COVID-19 vaccine development and pediatric trials.

Main Results:

  • Children generally exhibit less severe COVID-19 symptoms compared to adults.
  • Supportive care is sufficient for the majority of pediatric COVID-19 cases.
  • Antiviral treatment is indicated for severe or critical illness in children.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 management in children primarily involves supportive care.
  • Vaccination is a key strategy for preventing COVID-19 in pediatric populations.
  • The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine has emergency use authorization for adolescents aged 16 and older.

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenCoronavirusInfantSARS-CoV-2TreatmentVaccine

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