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Related Concept Videos

Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

1.7K
Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target...
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Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of a Smartphone-Enhanced Paper-Based Device for Rapid Dengue NS1 Detection
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Portable paper-based device for ABO and RhD typing using smartphone interpretation: Optical answer sheet reading

Sirinart Chomean1, Suparada Ingkananth2, Methasit Kiatchaipar3

  • 1Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|September 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new paper-based device enables ABO and RhD blood typing using smartphone technology. This innovation offers a cost-effective, rapid, and accurate method for field blood group analysis.

Keywords:
ABO typingBlood group screenPaper-based deviceRhD typingSmartphone interpretation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Point-of-Care Diagnostics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The conventional slide method for ABO blood typing is suitable for field use but requires expert interpretation within minutes to avoid false positives.
  • Current methods necessitate cold storage for reagents and are prone to human error during result interpretation.
  • Limitations include the need for skilled personnel and strict temperature control for reagents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative paper-based device for simultaneous ABO and RhD blood typing.
  • To integrate smartphone-based optical reading for automated result interpretation, enhancing accuracy and accessibility.
  • To create a user-friendly system for decentralized blood typing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a paper device using filter paper and conjugate pads impregnated with anti-A, -B, and -D antibodies.
  • Integrated a color chart for visual interpretation and an Android smartphone application for optical reading and data analysis.
  • Evaluated the device's performance for ABO and RhD blood typing.

Main Results:

  • The paper-based device successfully enabled visual identification of blood types from distinct detection zones.
  • Smartphone-based reading and interpretation significantly reduced potential human errors in data analysis.
  • The system provided accurate ABO and RhD typing results, comparable to standard methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed paper-based device combined with smartphone interpretation offers a promising, low-cost solution for ABO and RhD blood typing.
  • This technology enhances the feasibility of blood typing in resource-limited settings, mobile donation units, and field applications.
  • The system improves accuracy and reduces reliance on expert interpretation, making blood typing more accessible.