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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
Published on: November 24, 2021
The Penetrance of Topical Nail Therapy: Limitations and Current Enhancements
Kari Phan1, Kushkaran Kaur1, Kayla Wright1
1Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Abstract:
The chemical composition and thickness of nails are obstacles for treatments of various nail diseases, such as onychomycosis. Topical medications are currently the preferred method of treatment because of reduced adverse systemic effects. However, penetration of the product from the nail plate into the nail bed continues to be an issue because of factors such as distance required to reach the target area, chemical barriers, and drug inactivation upon keratin binding. Beyond developing novel drugs, some studies have investigated mechanical and chemical methods to optimize drug delivery. The issue of nail diseases is still a challenge and requires multifactorial treatments.
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