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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

A Seed Coat Bedding Assay to Genetically Explore In Vitro How the Endosperm Controls Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals function of TERF1 in promoting seed germination.

Hongzhi Liu1, Wei Wu1

  • 1Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China.

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants : an International Journal of Functional Plant Biology
|September 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tomato Ethylene Responsive Factor 1 (TERF1) promotes tobacco seed germination by altering hormone levels and gene expression. TERF1 enhances cell cycle and sugar metabolism while reducing sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin.

Keywords:
ABAABI5AuxinSeed germinationTERF1

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ethylene is crucial for seed germination, but its molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Ethylene Responsive Factors (ERFs) are key players in ethylene signaling pathways.
  • Understanding ERF function is vital for elucidating plant developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Tomato Ethylene Responsive Factor 1 (TERF1) in promoting seed germination.
  • To identify molecular pathways regulated by TERF1 during germination.
  • To understand how TERF1 influences plant hormone signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of TERF1 in tobacco seeds.
  • Hormone level analysis (SA, IAA, ABA, GA, JA).
  • Transcriptome analysis (mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs).
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis.
  • Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis.
  • Phenotype and gene expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • TERF1 overexpression promoted tobacco seed germination in darkness.
  • TERF1 significantly altered endogenous hormone levels, increasing SA, IAA, ABA, and GAs, while decreasing JA.
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of thousands of genes, including those involved in cell cycle, sugar metabolism, and hormone signaling.
  • TERF1 reduced seed sensitivity to ABA and auxin by repressing ABA signaling components.
  • Key biological processes regulated by TERF1 include nitrogen metabolism, light responses, and mitosis.

Conclusions:

  • TERF1 functions as a positive regulator of seed germination.
  • TERF1 modulates seed germination through intricate hormonal and transcriptional reprogramming.
  • TERF1 influences multiple developmental pathways, including cell cycle progression and hormone signaling, providing new insights into plant development.