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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

An In Vitro Dormancy Model of Estrogen-sensitive Breast Cancer in the Bone Marrow: A Tool for Molecular Mechanism Studies and Hypothesis Generation
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Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: Fighting Cancers via Dormancy Regulation

Chao Yang1, Chan-Tat Ng2,3, Dan Li4

  • 1National Engineering Research Center For Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in tumor dormancy, a state linked to cancer recurrence. This review explores IDO1 pathways involved in dormancy and discusses treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tumor dormancy is a quiescent state of cancer cells, frequently associated with metastasis and recurrence.
  • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is crucial in cancer development and progression, yet its role in tumor dormancy is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the IDO1 pathways potentially contributing to tumor dormancy.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying IDO1-mediated dormancy.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting IDO1-dependent dormancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of IDO1 pathways and their link to tumor dormancy.
  • Analysis of IDO1's role in dormancy initiation and maintenance.
  • Exploration of non-canonical IDO1 pathways involved in dormancy.

Main Results:

  • IDO1 is implicated in both the initiation and maintenance of tumor dormancy.
  • Mechanisms beyond the IDO1/kynurenine/aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis, such as mTOR and GCN2, are involved in dormancy.
  • Distinct IDO1 activities contribute to different phases of dormancy.

Conclusions:

  • IDO1 significantly influences tumor dormancy, impacting cancer recurrence and metastasis.
  • Targeting IDO1-dependent dormancy offers potential therapeutic avenues.
  • Nanotechnology may enhance the delivery of treatments for IDO1-regulated dormancy.
Keywords:
IDO1 regulationaryl hydrocarbon receptorimmunosuppressionkynureninenanotechnologytumour dormancy

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