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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
479
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

445
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
445
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

393
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

285
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Complete lung collapse in a young adolescent.

T H Ahmed1, A Esmail1, G Calligaro1

  • 1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Lung Institute and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine
|September 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bronchial carcinoid tumours (BCTs), a rare lung cancer in children, can cause lung collapse. This case highlights a 14-year-old girl with BCTs presenting with chronic respiratory symptoms and lung collapse.

Keywords:
atypical carcinoidbronchialcarcinoidneuroendocrine tumortypical carcinoid

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Pulmonology
  • Neuroendocrine Tumors

Background:

  • Bronchial carcinoid tumours (BCTs) originate from Kulchitsky cells in the bronchial epithelium.
  • BCTs constitute approximately 25% of all carcinoid tumours and are the most frequent primary lung malignancy in pediatric patients.
  • These tumours typically exhibit a central bronchial distribution, often leading to obstructive symptoms.

Observation:

  • A 14-year-old female presented with persistent respiratory issues and collapse of the left lung.
  • The clinical presentation suggested a significant bronchial obstruction.
  • Diagnostic considerations for lung collapse in young individuals include mucus plugging and foreign body aspiration.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms and lung collapse were attributed to a bronchial carcinoid tumour.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering BCTs in the differential diagnosis of pediatric lung collapse.
  • The diagnosis was confirmed through appropriate investigations, though details are not provided in the abstract.

Implications:

  • Early recognition and diagnosis of BCTs are crucial for effective management in children.
  • This case emphasizes the need for a comprehensive differential diagnosis in pediatric patients with lung collapse.
  • Further research into the specific presentation and treatment of pediatric BCTs may improve patient outcomes.