Robustness of dual-energy CT-derived radiomic features across three different scanner types

To investigate the robustness of radiomic features between three dual-energy CT (DECT) systems.

An anthropomorphic body phantom was scanned on three different DECT scanners, a dual-source (dsDECT), a rapid kV-switching (rsDECT), and a dual-layer detector DECT (dlDECT). Twenty-four patients who underwent abdominal DECT examinations on each of the scanner types during clinical follow-up were retrospectively included (n = 72 examinations). Radiomic features were extracted after standardized image processing, following ROI placement in phantom tissues and healthy appearing hepatic, splenic and muscular tissue of patients using virtual monoenergetic images at 65 keV (VMI_65keV) and virtual unenhanced images (VUE). In total, 774 radiomic features were extracted including 86 original features and 8 wavelet transformations hereof. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and analysis of variances (ANOVA) were calculated to determine inter-scanner robustness of radiomic features with a CCC of ≥ 0.9 deeming a feature robust.

None of the phantom-derived features attained the threshold for high feature robustness for any inter-scanner comparison. The proportion of robust features obtained from patients scanned on all three scanners was low both in VMI_65keV (dsDECT vs. rsDECT:16.1% (125/774), dlDECT vs. rsDECT:2.5% (19/774), dsDECT vs. dlDECT:2.6% (20/774)) and VUE (dsDECT vs. rsDECT:11.1% (86/774), dlDECT vs. rsDECT:2.8% (22/774), dsDECT vs. dlDECT:2.7% (21/774)). The proportion of features without significant differences as per ANOVA was higher both in patients (51.4-71.1%) and in the phantom (60.6-73.4%).

The robustness of radiomic features across different DECT scanners in patients was low and the few robust patient-derived features were not reflected in the phantom experiment. Future efforts should aim to improve the cross-platform generalizability of DECT-derived radiomics.

• Inter-scanner robustness of dual-energy CT-derived radiomic features was on a low level in patients who underwent clinical examinations on three DECT platforms. • The few robust patient-derived features were not confirmed in our phantom experiment. • Limited inter-scanner robustness of dual-energy CT derived radiomic features may impact the generalizability of models built with features from one particular dual-energy CT scanner type.