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Nutritional evaluation assessment card to identify nutritional risk: a proposal
Karla Alejandra Ponce-Vega1, Ana Gabriela Campos-Arroyo2, Roberto Armando Román-Gámez3
1Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital General Regional No. 1, Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Charo, Michoacán.
IntroduccióN:
La desnutrición constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, pues los sujetos que la presentan tienen mayor índice de complicaciones posquirúrgicas. Considerando que existen diferentes instrumentos con parámetros subjetivos, validados para el cribado nutricional, se propone el diseño de una cédula de evaluación nutricia con parámetros objetivos y subjetivos para la detección oportuna del estado de nutrición.
Objetivo:
Determinar la utilidad de una cédula de evaluación nutricia (CEN 16) en comparación con la valoración global subjetiva en pacientes quirúrgicos del Hospital General Regional No. 1 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Charo, Michoacán.
Material Y MéTodos:
Estudio transversal, descriptivo y comparativo. La selección de la muestra fue probabilística, con un total de 72 pacientes de ambos sexos, del servicio de cirugía, con edades mayores de 18 años y menores de 60 años. Se tomaron en cuenta cuatro parámetros de evaluación: antropométricos, bioquímicos, clínicos y dietéticos. El tratamiento estadístico se realizó por medio del programa SPSS V22. Como principios éticos se consideraron la Declaración de Helsinki, la Ley General de Salud y la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-004-SSA3-2012 del Expediente Clínico. El estudio se desarrolló con la aprobación del Comité Local de Investigación en Salud y el Comité de Ética en Investigación del IMSS, con número de registro R-2017-1604-4.
Resultados:
Los resultados del estado de nutrición obtenidos con la CEN 16 mostraron los siguientes porcentajes: bien nutrido 9.8%, desnutrición moderada 80.6% y desnutrición importante 9.7%. Con la valoración global subjetiva los resultados fueron: bien nutrido 52.8%, desnutrición moderada 38.9% y desnutrición importante 8.3%.
ConclusióN:
Diseñar una cédula de evaluación con parámetros objetivos y subjetivos resulta de mayor utilidad en la práctica clínica para detectar el estado nutricional de los pacientes quirúrgicos en comparación con la valoración global subjetiva.
Background:
Malnutrition is one of the main public health problems since patients undergoing it, have higher rates of post-surgical complications. As there are different validated instruments for nutritional screening with subjective parameters, the design of a nutritional evaluation assessment with objective and subjective parameters, is proposed to have early detection of nutritional status.
Objective:
Determinate the utility of the nutritional evaluation assessment (CEN 16) compared to the subjective global assessment in surgical patients at the Hospital General Regional N1 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) in Charo, Michoacán.
Material And Methods:
This study was descriptive, comparative and transversal. Sample selection was probabilistic with a total of 72 patients of the surgery service of both genders, with ages over 18 and under 60 years. Four evaluation parameters were taken into account: anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary. The statistical treatment was carried out through the SPSS V22. The ethical considerations for this study were framed from Helsinki Declaration and Mexican regulations: General Health Act, Rule NOM-004-SSA3-2012 related to the Clinical File, and IMSS Internal Review Boards of Research and Ethical Research, which conferred authorization through registration number R-2017-1604-4.
Results:
Nutritional findings after CEN 16 application showed following results: well-nourished 9.8%, moderate malnutrition 80.6%, and severe malnutrition 9.7%. However, after using subjective global assessment, the results showed 38.9% of moderate malnutrition and 8.3% of severe malnutrition, while 52.8% of the patients were well nourished.
Conclusion:
The proposal of a nutritional evaluation assessment card including both objective and subjective parameters for clinical practice turned out more precise to detect nutritional status of surgical patients, compared with the subjective global assessment.
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