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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Point-of-Care Hemoglobin Estimation Method for Anemia Management
Published on: January 19, 2024
Third trimester gestational anemia: frequency and severity according to maternal age
Ruth Cumandá Díaz-Granda1, Lourdes Díaz-Granda2
1Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas.
IntroduccióN:
La anemia es muy frecuente durante el embarazo y tiene repercusiones en la madre y en su hijo.
Objetivo:
Determinar la frecuencia y la gravedad de la anemia gestacional del tercer trimestre (hemoglobinemia < 11 g/dl), según la edad materna de los nacimientos atendidos en el Hospital Vicente Corral, entre septiembre de 2016 y febrero de 2017.
Material Y MéTodos:
Estudio transversal. Muestra: 428 gestantes. Criterios de inclusión: embarazadas con ≥ 27 semanas de gestación, reporte de hemoglobina y neonato vivo. Criterios de exclusión: embarazo gemelar, neonato con malformaciones congénitas mayores, madre con enfermedades crónicas. Análisis estadístico: para las variables cuantitativas se calcularon la mediana y los valores mínimo y máximo; para las variables cualitativas, las frecuencias absolutas y relativas; para establecer una asociación se utilizó la prueba de ji al cuadrado, y para la significancia estadística se consideró p < 0.05.
Resultados:
La mediana de edad materna fue de 23 años y 4 meses. Hemoglobina en mujeres: anémicas 9.9 g/dl, no anémicas 12.2 g/dl (p = 0.000). Frecuencia de anemia: global 31.8%, en < 20 años 41.5%, en 20-34 años 26.5% y en > 35 años 35.6%. Gravedad de la anemia: leve 18.7%, moderada 12.6%, grave 0.5%. La edad materna influyó en la frecuencia de la anemia (ji al cuadrado de Pearson = 8.911, p = 0.012), pero no en su gravedad (ji al cuadrado de Pearson = 1.078, p = 0.898). Frecuencia de microcitosis: 36.9% en mujeres anémicas. El volumen corpuscular medio y la gravedad de la anemia mostraron asociación (p = 0.019).
Conclusiones:
La frecuencia de la anemia en el tercer trimestre de la gestación fue alta, con predominio de la anemia leve. Afectó en especial a mujeres < 20 años y ≥ 35 años.
Background:
Anemia is very frequent condition in pregnant women and it has repercussions for both mother and child.
Objective:
Determine the frequency and severity of third trimester gestational anemia (hemoglobinemia < 11 g/dL) according to maternal age, in women whose child was born at the Hospital Vicente Corral, between September 2016 and February 2017.
Material And Methods:
Transversal study. Sample: 428 pregnant women. Inclusion criteria: pregnancy of ≥ 27 weeks, hemoglobin report and live neonate. Exclusion criteria: twin newborns, neonate with major congenital malformations, mother with chronic diseases. Statistical analysis: in the quantitative variables, median, minimum and maximum values were calculated; in qualitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies were obtained; to demonstrate association Chi square was used and for statistical significance p-valor < 0.05.
Results:
Median for maternal age: 23 years 4 months. Hemoglobin: in anemic women 9.9 g/dl, in non-anemic 12.2 g/dl (p = 0.000). Anemia frequency: overall 31.8%, in < 20 years 41.5%, in women 20-34 years 26.5% and in > 35 years 35.6%. Severity of anemia: mild 18.7%, moderate 12.6, severe 0.5%. Maternal age influenced the frequency of anemia (Pearson’s Chi square = 8.911, p-value = 0.012), but not in its severity (Pearson’s Chi square = 1.078, p-value = 0.898). Microcytosis frequency was 36.9% in anemic women. The mean corpuscular volume was associated with the severity of the anemia (p-value = 0.019).
Conclusions:
The frequency of anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy was high, the mild anemia was predominant. It mainly affected women < 20 and > 35 years old.
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