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Modest decrease in severity of obesity in adolescence associates with low arterial stiffness.

Christoph Saner1, Tomi T Laitinen2, Joel Nuotio3

  • 1Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.

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Reducing childhood obesity and improving cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure and glycoprotein acetyls in adolescents is linked to better arterial health. Maintaining a healthy weight and lowering these markers can prevent long-term cardiovascular issues.

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Arterial injuryArterial stiffnessInflammationObesityPediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Adolescent Medicine

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life.
  • Obesity in youth is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and early signs of cardiovascular damage.
  • Understanding the link between changes in adiposity and CVRF during adolescence and later cardiovascular health is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between changes in adiposity and CVRF from early to late adolescence and subclinical cardiovascular phenotypes in adolescents with obesity.
  • To determine how weight management and CVRF control in youth impact arterial stiffness and elasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking adiposity measures (e.g., BMI percentile, waist circumference, body fat percentage) and CVRF (systolic blood pressure, glycoprotein acetyls, LDL cholesterol) in adolescents.
  • Assessment of subclinical cardiovascular phenotypes, including carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse-wave velocity (PWV), and carotid elasticity, in late adolescence.
  • Multivariable regression analysis to identify associations between changes in adiposity/CVRF and cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Decreasing obesity severity was associated with improved carotid elasticity in females and reduced PWV in males.
  • Changes in adiposity measures correlated with reduced carotid elasticity and PWV.
  • Reductions in glycoprotein acetyls and systolic blood pressure were linked to improved arterial elasticity and reduced PWV, respectively.
  • Male sex was the only factor associated with increased cIMT.

Conclusions:

  • In adolescents with obesity, maintaining or decreasing obesity severity, along with lowering systolic blood pressure and glycoprotein acetyls, is associated with reduced arterial stiffness.
  • These findings highlight the importance of early intervention and management of obesity and associated risk factors in youth to promote long-term cardiovascular health.