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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.2K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

13.5K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
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The 2021 room-temperature superconductivity roadmap.

Lilia Boeri1, Richard Hennig2, Peter Hirschfeld3

  • 1Physics Department, Sapienza University and Enrico Fermi Research Center, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|September 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists are pursuing ambient temperature superconductors (A-SC) for revolutionary quantum applications. Achieving A-SC may require novel pairing mechanisms beyond conventional phonon-mediated superconductivity.

Keywords:
crystal structure predictionelectron–phonon interactionhydridesnovel superconductorssuperconductivitysuperconductor

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics and chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • The quest for an ambient temperature superconductor (A-SC) is a long-standing goal in materials science.
  • Superconductivity at ambient conditions offers transformative potential for research and technology, impacting energy and climate solutions.
  • Current research is heavily focused on conventional superconductors, but achieving A-SC might necessitate exploring alternative pairing mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of ambient temperature superconductor research.
  • To identify key theoretical and experimental challenges for future advancements in superconductivity.
  • To gather expert perspectives on the path towards achieving A-SC.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of expert viewpoints and contributions from leading researchers in the field of superconductivity.
  • Analysis of current research trends and historical context in superconductor design.
  • Discussion of potential future directions and necessary breakthroughs.

Main Results:

  • The article serves as a snapshot of current research and a roadmap for future superconductor development.
  • A consensus suggests that achieving A-SC will likely involve mechanisms beyond conventional phonon-mediated superconductivity.
  • The collected insights highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the A-SC challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Significant theoretical and experimental hurdles remain in the pursuit of ambient temperature superconductors.
  • Exploring novel pairing mechanisms is crucial for realizing the potential of A-SC.
  • This work provides a strategic outlook for the field, guiding future research efforts.