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Is the myonuclear domain ceiling hypothesis dead?

Ferdos Aman1, Eman El Khatib1, Alanood AlNeaimi1

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The myonuclear domain (MND) size may expand during muscle hypertrophy, but a definitive upper limit (MND ceiling) is debated. This review explores the MND ceiling hypothesis and its role in muscle adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Muscle physiology
  • Cell biology
  • Skeletal muscle adaptation

Background:

  • Muscle fibers are multinucleated cells.
  • The myonuclear domain (MND) is the transcriptional territory controlled by a single myonucleus.
  • MND size is known to change with muscle hypertrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the myonuclear domain (MND) ceiling hypothesis in muscle hypertrophy.
  • To discuss factors contributing to conflicting results in the literature regarding the MND ceiling.
  • To examine the physiological and clinical significance of the MND ceiling in muscle adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating myonuclear domain size and muscle hypertrophy.
  • Analysis of conflicting findings related to the MND ceiling hypothesis.
  • Synthesis of evidence from various physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • The existence and extent of a "MND ceiling" during muscle hypertrophy remain debated.
  • Conflicting results exist regarding whether MND size reaches a limit before new myonuclei are required.
  • Factors influencing MND size regulation and the MND ceiling are complex and multifactorial.

Conclusions:

  • The MND ceiling hypothesis requires further investigation to reconcile conflicting findings.
  • Understanding the MND ceiling is crucial for comprehending muscle adaptation to growth and stress.
  • The physiological and clinical implications of MND size regulation are significant for muscle health and disease.