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[Viruses and bats: interdisciplinary issues].

A D Botvinkin1

  • 1FSBEI HE «Irkutsk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

Voprosy Virusologii
|September 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Bat viruses are a growing concern, with over 200 species identified this century. An interdisciplinary approach is crucial for understanding bat-borne viral infections and balancing public health with conservation efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Zoonoses
  • Conservation Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bat virology research has surged since the late 20th century, accelerating with the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Bats (Chiroptera) harbor a vast and increasing number of viral species, with over 200 identified this century.
  • Key viral families associated with bats include Rhabdoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Paramyxoviridae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical importance of an interdisciplinary approach to studying bat-borne viral infections.
  • To provide a concise overview of bat virus biodiversity, medical significance, and conservation challenges for new researchers.
  • To emphasize the need for integrated research strategies addressing both public health and environmental protection.

Main Methods:

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  • Comprehensive literature search of electronic databases (primarily 2000-2021), including Russian-language publications.
  • Analysis of trends in scientific publications regarding bat viruses and emerging infectious diseases.
  • Review of viral genera and subgenera with significant medical and veterinary relevance (e.g., Lyssavirus, Henipavirus, Ebolavirus).

Main Results:

  • A tenfold increase in known bat virus species since 2000, with Rhabdoviridae, Coronaviridae, and Paramyxoviridae families being predominant.
  • Highest viral diversity observed in Vespertilionidae, Pteropodidae, and Molossidae bat families.
  • Multidisciplinary teams achieve better research efficiency, safety, and practical outcomes, underscoring the need for balanced health and conservation interests.

Conclusions:

  • Research approaches have shifted from narrow specializations to comprehensive ecological, evolutionary, and socio-economic assessments.
  • Effective management of bat-borne zoonoses requires integrated strategies that consider public health needs and environmental conservation.
  • Interdepartmental coordination of scientific research and wildlife zoonoses surveillance is essential in the Russian Federation.