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Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing and Proteomics Reveal Neonatal Ileum Dynamic Developmental Potentials.

Qingshi Meng1, Liang Chen1, Bohui Xiong1,2

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|September 21, 2021
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Summary

Neonatal swine ileum development involves increased undifferentiated cells and unique enterocyte differentiation. Key factors include specific transcriptional factors, signaling pathways, and gut microbiota, aiding future gut pathology interventions.

Keywords:
ileummicrobiotaneonatal developmentproteomicsscRNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The neonatal period is critical for mammalian small intestine development, impacting early growth and weaning.
  • Understanding epithelial cell differentiation and molecular interactions during this phase is crucial but not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize ileal epithelial cell development and molecular changes during the neonatal swine period.
  • To identify key factors influencing neonatal ileum maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 40,186 ileal epithelial cells.
  • Proteomics analysis of ileal samples across 6 neonatal time points in swine.

Main Results:

  • Revealed previously unknown developmental changes: increased undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and reduced secretory cells over time.
  • Identified crucial roles for specific transcriptional factors, ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, TGF-β, BMP signaling, and gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • Provides novel insights into neonatal ileum development and epithelial cell dynamics.
  • Findings may inform the development of interventions for gut pathologies related to inflammation, metabolism, and proliferation.