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Successful Problem Solving in Genetics Varies Based on Question Content.

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Students struggle with problem-solving in genetics. This study found that strong reasoning skills are key to success, while experts more frequently use planning and checking strategies. These findings can help instructors improve genetics education.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics Education
  • Cognitive Science
  • Problem-Solving Skills

Background:

  • Problem-solving is a crucial skill across disciplines, yet students often find it challenging to master.
  • Understanding the cognitive and metacognitive processes involved in problem-solving is essential for effective instruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the problem-solving processes used by students and experts in genetics.
  • To identify cognitive and metacognitive strategies that predict successful problem-solving in genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Collected and analyzed written step-by-step procedures for solving genetics problems from over 1800 students and 149 experts.
  • Developed a coding scheme to categorize cognitive and metacognitive processes observed in problem-solving attempts.

Main Results:

  • Student problem-solving processes varied by content area, but reasoning ability consistently predicted success.
  • Experts demonstrated more frequent use of metacognitive strategies, specifically planning and checking, compared to students.
  • Key differences in cognitive and metacognitive strategies were identified between novice and expert problem-solvers.

Conclusions:

  • Reasoning is a fundamental component of successful genetics problem-solving, irrespective of content area.
  • Explicit instruction in metacognitive strategies like planning and checking may enhance student problem-solving abilities in genetics.
  • Tailoring instructional approaches to specific genetics content areas can improve the development of problem-solving skills.