Update on imaging of the discoid meniscus

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Radiology
• Sports Medicine

Background:

• Discoid menisci are morphological variants, most frequently affecting the lateral meniscus.
• Presentation varies from asymptomatic findings to symptomatic knee issues like pain and instability.
• The Wrisberg sub-type is characterized by absent ligamentous and meniscocapsular attachments, leading to instability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current classification systems for discoid menisci.
• To describe the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of discoid menisci sub-types.
• To outline clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and surgical management strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on discoid menisci.
• Description of gross morphological characteristics and ultrastructure.
• Analysis of clinical presentation, arthroscopic findings, and radiological (including MRI) diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

• Detailed review of discoid meniscus classification systems.
• Description of morphological variants and their associated clinical presentations.
• Summary of diagnostic findings across arthroscopy and various imaging modalities.

Conclusions:

• Discoid menisci require understanding of their varied morphology and presentation.
• Accurate diagnosis involves clinical assessment, arthroscopy, and advanced imaging like MRI.
• Management strategies are evolving, with surgical outcomes being a key consideration.