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Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as Two Emerging Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis: Meta-Analysis Study

Mahsa Jalili1, Hassan Nourmohammadi2, Kourosh Sayehmiri3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|September 22, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study found that persistent infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) are significantly associated with atherosclerosis. These findings highlight bacteria as potential risk factors for this cardiovascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Previous research suggested separate links between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) with atherosclerosis.
  • Existing data on the combined role of C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae in atherosclerosis is inconsistent and controversial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the association of C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae as independent risk factors for atherosclerosis.
  • To clarify the controversial relationship between these two specific bacterial infections and the development of atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Iranmedex).
  • Keywords used included "C. pneumoniae," "M. pneumoniae," and "atherosclerosis" in both English and Persian.
  • Meta-analysis with a random effects model was employed to analyze data from 38 articles for C. pneumoniae and 5 for M. pneumoniae, assessing heterogeneity using the I2 index.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis included 23,298 samples for C. pneumoniae and 2,980 samples for M. pneumoniae.
  • A significant association was found between M. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00-2.50).
  • A significant association was also found between C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.91-2.64).

Conclusions:

  • This systematic review provides robust evidence supporting the role of persistent C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae infections in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
  • The findings suggest that these bacterial infections are significant risk factors for atherosclerosis.
  • Novel strategies for comprehensive management of bacterial infections are warranted to address their impact on cardiovascular health.
Keywords:
Chlamydia pneumoniaeMycoplasma pneumoniaeatherosclerosisbacterial infectionsinflammatory diseaseodds ratio

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