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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

961
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
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Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
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Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
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Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

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Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
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New born pulse oximetry screening: A global perspective.

Asad Abbas1, Andrew K Ewer2

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Early Human Development
|September 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pulse oximetry screening (POS) effectively detects critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) and is recommended globally. POS also shows potential for reducing neonatal sepsis mortality in low-resource settings.

Keywords:
Critical congenital heart defectsDetectionNeonatal sepsisNewborn infantPulse oximetryScreening

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pulse oximetry screening (POS) for congenital heart defects has been studied for over two decades.
  • Accumulating evidence and clinical experience confirm POS as a vital tool for identifying critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting pulse oximetry screening for CCHDs.
  • To examine the global adoption and implementation strategies of POS.
  • To explore the potential of POS in reducing neonatal sepsis morbidity and mortality in low and low-middle-income countries (LLMIC).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing research on POS for CCHDs.
  • Analysis of global adoption rates and implementation approaches.
  • Evaluation of POS utility in LLMIC for neonatal sepsis.

Main Results:

  • POS meets universal screening criteria and is recommended by international professional bodies.
  • Numerous countries have implemented POS, with others in the process.
  • POS offers a dual benefit by screening for CCHDs and potentially reducing neonatal sepsis-related deaths.

Conclusions:

  • Pulse oximetry screening is a well-established and recommended method for detecting critical congenital heart defects.
  • Global implementation of POS is increasing.
  • POS presents a significant opportunity to improve neonatal outcomes, particularly in resource-limited regions.