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Decreasing Unnecessary Antibiotic Usage in Patients Admitted With Bronchiolitis
Fouzia Naeem1,2, Brenik Kuzmic3, Leepao Khang4
1Department of Pediatrics and.
Hospital Pediatrics
|September 22, 2021
Summary
Antibiotic use in children under two with bronchiolitis decreased by 40% after implementing provider education and stewardship audits. This intervention successfully reduced unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions for this common pediatric respiratory illness.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Bronchiolitis is a common viral illness in children under two years old, frequently leading to hospitalization.
- Current guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend against routine antibiotic use for bronchiolitis.
- Despite guidelines, antibiotic overuse remains prevalent in pediatric bronchiolitis cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of an educational and stewardship intervention on antibiotic prescribing for hospitalized pediatric bronchiolitis patients.
- To reduce the incidence of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in young children diagnosed with bronchiolitis.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients aged two years or younger admitted with bronchiolitis over two respiratory seasons.
- An intervention was implemented between the study periods, including didactic review of AAP guidelines and ongoing antibiotic stewardship rounds.
- Data were analyzed to compare antibiotic use before and after the intervention.
Main Results:
- Overall antibiotic use decreased by 40% between the two study periods (from 25% to 15%).
- The reduction in antibiotic use was statistically significant (P < .001).
Conclusions:
- Provider education, coupled with targeted antibiotic stewardship audits and feedback, effectively reduced antibiotic prescribing for bronchiolitis.
- This approach demonstrates a successful strategy for optimizing antibiotic use in pediatric hospital settings.
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