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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
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Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

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A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
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[Aortic Valve Reoperation in Small Aortic Annulus].

Yuji Hiramatsu1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|September 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric aortic valve stenosis often requires reoperation. This case study details the Yamaguchi procedure for aortic annular enlargement, a technique anticipating future surgeries in young patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiac Anatomy

Background:

  • Pediatric patients with narrow aortic valve annulus frequently require multiple surgeries.
  • Treatment strategies often anticipate reoperations from the outset.
  • Aortic valve stenosis in children necessitates specialized surgical approaches.

Observation:

  • This article details the anatomical structure of the aorto-mitral curtain.
  • It presents a case of the Yamaguchi procedure for aortic annular enlargement in a 15-year-old boy.
  • The Yamaguchi procedure involves a Konno incision at the anterior annulus combined with a Nicks incision for posterior annular enlargement.

Findings:

  • The Yamaguchi procedure enlarges a narrow aortic annulus in two distinct areas using separate patches.

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  • Anterior annular enlargement is limited due to the underlying muscular tissue.
  • Annular enlargement typically utilizes four posterior pledgets and two anterior pledgets.

    • Implications:

    • The Yamaguchi method offers a strategy for managing aortic annular hypoplasia in pediatric patients.
    • This approach anticipates future interventions, potentially reducing the need for repeat surgeries.
    • Understanding aorto-mitral curtain anatomy is crucial for successful aortic valve procedures.