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Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...

Psychological Responses to Stress

Psychological Responses to Stress

Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

Published on: September 28, 2022

Historically Underrepresented Graduate Students' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Bridget A Walsh¹, Tricia A Woodliff¹, Julie Lucero¹

¹University of Nevada Reno.

Family Relations

|September 22, 2021

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic worsened resource access and family support for underrepresented graduate students in STEM. Findings aim to inform families and improve support for these students during crises.

Keywords:

COVID‐19 experiences family life focus groups historically underrepresented graduate students pandemic resources

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Mixed Reality for Education MRE Implementation and Results in Online Classes for Engineering

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Graduate student experiences
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education
Societal impacts of pandemics

Background:

Underrepresentation of students of color in STEM is linked to insufficient support systems.
Familial support is crucial for graduate student retention.
The impact of pandemics on underrepresented graduate students remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To understand the experiences of historically underrepresented graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
To identify challenges related to resources and family support.
To lay the groundwork for developing interventions for underrepresented graduate students and their families.

Main Methods:

Conducted five online focus groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Included historically underrepresented doctoral and master's students, faculty, administrators, and families.
Utilized thematic analysis to interpret qualitative data.

Main Results:

Historically underrepresented graduate students faced challenges accessing resources.
Students reported difficulties adjusting to home and family life.
Existing nonfinancial issues were amplified, alongside fears and hopes for the future.

Conclusions:

The COVID-19 pandemic intensified existing inequalities in resource accessibility.
Pandemic conditions exacerbated challenges in nonfinancial family support systems.