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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Towards precision oncology in angiosarcomas using next generation "omic" technologies.

Grace Fangmin Tan1, Jason Yongsheng Chan1,2

  • 1Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.

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|September 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Angiosarcomas, aggressive vascular tumors, show distinct genetic and environmental factors, especially in Asian populations. Advanced genomic and multi-omic analyses reveal subtypes and immune influences, guiding precision oncology for this rare cancer.

Keywords:
chemoresistancerare cancersingle cell sequencingspatial transcriptomics

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Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Angiosarcomas are aggressive vascular tumors, rare but potentially more prevalent in Asian populations.
  • Recent studies identify ultraviolet mutation signatures and high tumor mutation burden in head and neck angiosarcomas.
  • Distinct genetic or environmental factors may influence angiosarcoma pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genetic and etiological factors contributing to angiosarcoma.
  • To identify distinct subtypes of angiosarcoma for potential precision therapy.
  • To understand the role of the immune microenvironment and tumor cell morphology in angiosarcoma behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequencing and multi-omic analyses.
  • Integration of multi-omic data with clinical information.
  • Investigation of systemic and local immune milieu and tumor cell characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of ultraviolet mutation signatures and high tumor mutational burden.
  • Identification of 3 angiosarcoma subtypes with distinct etiological and biological phenotypes.
  • Demonstration of immune milieu and "giant" tumor cells influencing clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Angiosarcoma pathogenesis is complex, influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors.
  • Multi-omic approaches reveal subtypes crucial for developing precision oncology strategies.
  • Further research using advanced "omic" technologies will enhance understanding and treatment of angiosarcoma.