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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions
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Engineering robust microorganisms for organic acid production.

Vinh G Tran1, Huimin Zhao1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
|September 22, 2021
PubMed
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Microbial production of organic acids requires robust cell factories tolerant to harsh conditions. This review details engineering strategies for enhanced organic acid fermentation from renewable resources.

Keywords:
Acid stressLignocellulosic inhibitorsLow pHOrganic acidsRobustness

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Industrial Microbiology
  • Metabolic Engineering

Background:

  • Organic acids are vital compounds with extensive applications in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
  • Microbial conversion of renewable feedstocks offers a sustainable route for organic acid production.
  • Current fermentation processes face challenges including low pH, high product concentrations, and lignocellulosic inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for engineering robust microbial cell factories for organic acid production.
  • To highlight recent advancements and applications in microbial organic acid fermentation.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing genetic and metabolic engineering approaches to enhance microbial tolerance.
  • Compiling recent examples of engineered microorganisms for organic acid synthesis.
  • Analyzing strategies for improving fermentation efficiency and yield.

Main Results:

  • Engineered microorganisms demonstrate improved tolerance to acidic conditions and inhibitors.
  • Enhanced microbial strains achieve higher organic acid titers and productivity.
  • Successful applications in producing various organic acids from lignocellulosic biomass are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Robust microbial cell factories are crucial for economically viable organic acid production.
  • Metabolic engineering offers powerful tools to overcome fermentation limitations.
  • Further development in microbial strain engineering will expand sustainable organic acid manufacturing.