[Hand Allotransplantation: Care and Challenges]

Hand allotransplantation, a composite tissue allograft, is a time-consuming surgical procedure. This procedure has been shown to significantly improve quality of life in patients with upper extremity loss. The suitability of this procedure must be rigorously evaluated before surgery, and long term antirejection drugs and rehabilitation exercises must be carried out after hand transplantation. Moreover, its success requires close collaboration within the multidisciplinary team. Several related issues are addressed in this article, including the history of hand transplantation surgery, the pros and cons of this procedure, rejection response and immunotherapy, rehabilitation and hand function recovery after hand transplantation, and pre- and post-procedure psychological reactions and evaluations. Response suggestions at the patient and environmental level that reflect the multiple challenges involved in hand transplantation are provided as a reference for clinical decision-makers.