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Ribozymes

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Macromolecular Ligand Engineering for Programmable Nanoprism Assembly.

Yang Liu¹, Marco Klement², Yi Wang¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|September 22, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered polymer ligands to precisely control nanocrystal assembly. This method allows for the creation of novel polymer-nanocrystal hybrid materials with tunable properties for advanced applications.

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A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Published on: May 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Ligands are crucial for nanocrystal assembly energetics and kinetics.
Precise and simultaneous manipulation of ligands to control assembly remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To present macromolecular ligand-engineering strategies for controlling polymer chain parameters.
To enable selective facet functionalization and produce patchy nanocrystals.
To develop a generalizable approach for independent control of brush thickness and softness.

Main Methods:

Ligand-exchange reactions between nanoprisms and polymers.
Characterization and modeling of grafted polymer chains (length, dispersity, density, distribution).
Two-step ligand-exchange for brush parameter control.
Coarse-grained computer simulations.

Main Results:

Achieved selective facet functionalization yielding patchy nanocrystals.
Demonstrated independent control over brush thickness and softness.
Synthesized polymer-nanocrystal hybrid materials that self-assemble into superstructures with diverse symmetries.
Validated experimental findings with computer simulations.

Conclusions:

Macromolecular ligand-engineering enables precision synthesis of polymer-nanocrystal hybrid materials.
Programmable ligand brushes lead to self-assembly of superstructures with controlled symmetries.
This work refines theoretical models for particle brush materials and opens avenues for new material design.