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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

Published on: September 7, 2022

Total arch replacement in octogenarians.

Kohei Hachiro¹, Takeshi Kinoshita¹, Tomoaki Suzuki¹

¹Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery

|September 22, 2021

Summary

Octogenarian patients (≥80 years) undergoing total arch replacement showed no worse postoperative outcomes compared to younger patients. This study indicates advanced age is not a predictor of adverse events in this specific surgical procedure.

Failed At:

2026-06-19T13:39:10.579782+00:00

Keywords:

Octogenarians Total arch replacement

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