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Distinguishability and "which pathway" information in multidimensional interferometric spectroscopy with a single

Shahaf Asban1, Shaul Mukamel1

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This study introduces a new quantum interferometry method to analyze photon pathways and distinguish microscopic interactions. It enables probing material properties like intraband dephasing without needing time-resolved detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum metrology
  • Solid-state physics

Background:

  • Correlated photons are key to quantum metrology, offering advantages over classical methods.
  • Current quantum applications primarily leverage entanglement, overlooking photon distinguishability and exchange phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the role of photon exchange phase and distinguishability in quantum applications.
  • To develop a novel interferometric protocol for phase-sensitive discrimination of microscopic interaction pathways.
  • To demonstrate a new method for probing material properties without time-resolved detection.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis using an interferometric setup.
  • Coupling a two-photon wave function to a matter system.
  • Developing a phase-sensitive discrimination protocol.
  • Illustrating findings on an exciton model system.

Main Results:

  • "Which pathway?" information is encoded in two-photon wave functions, even with low entanglement.
  • Quantum light interferometry yields unique time delay variables, independent of wave packet bandwidth uncertainty.
  • Intraband dephasing in exciton systems can be probed in the time domain without temporal resolution.
  • Unusual scaling of multiphoton coincidence signals with pump intensity is observed.

Conclusions:

  • Photon exchange phase and distinguishability offer a new dimension for quantum metrology.
  • The developed interferometric protocol provides a powerful tool for characterizing quantum systems.
  • This approach advances quantum sensing and spectroscopy, particularly for studying ultrafast dynamics in materials.