Vaping and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: All EVALI is not created equal.

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Toxicology
• Radiology

Background:

• E-cigarette, or vaping product, use associated lung injury (EVALI) is a serious respiratory condition linked to vaping.
• EVALI diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and radiographic findings.
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality are potential severe outcomes of EVALI.

Observation:

• A patient with a history of vaping presented with acute hypoxemia.
• The patient's presentation was diagnosed as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH).
• This case represents a rare manifestation of EVALI.

Findings:

• Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is an uncommon presentation of EVALI.
• The underlying mechanism of vaping-induced DAH remains unclear.
• Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of DAH in EVALI.

Implications:

• This case expands the known spectrum of EVALI presentations.
• Understanding rare EVALI manifestations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management.
• Further investigation into vaping-related lung injury mechanisms is warranted.