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Reverse engineering of an anatomically equivalent nerve conduit.

Preethy Amruthavarshini Ramesh1, Ramya Dhandapani1, Shambhavi Bagewadi1

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Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|September 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a 3D-printed nerve guide incorporating protein nanoflowers to improve peripheral nerve repair in large defects. The novel construct promotes axonal guidance and cell adhesion, offering a promising solution for nerve regeneration.

Keywords:
3D printingBSA nanoflowersfasciclesperipheral nerve injurytissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve injuries with critical-sized defects pose significant challenges for regeneration due to the absence of natural guidance structures.
  • Conventional nerve conduits often fail to bridge large gaps, leading to poor functional recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D-printed nerve conduit mimicking native nerve tissue architecture.
  • To enhance axonal guidance and promote neuronal regeneration across critical-sized peripheral nerve defects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing to create nerve conduits with engineered epi-, peri-, and endo-neurial structures.
  • Ingrained bovine serum albumin protein nanoflowers (NF) into the 3D printed scaffolds to guide axonal growth.
  • Evaluated cytocompatibility, cell adhesion, and neuronal projection of PC-12 cells on the scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • 3D printed constructs with uniformly distributed protein nanoflowers were fabricated.
  • Scaffolds demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility, enhanced cell adhesion, and promoted extended neuronal projections.
  • Significantly higher expressions of NF-200 and tubulin were observed in cultured cells.

Conclusions:

  • The protein-ingrained 3D printed nerve conduit shows potential as a substitute for treating long peripheral nerve defects.
  • The construct's structural mimicry and embedded protein nanoflowers facilitate directed neuronal extension, minimizing axonal dispersion.