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Related Concept Videos

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

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Memory integration into visual perception in infancy, childhood, and adulthood.

Sagi Jaffe-Dax1, Christine Potter1, Tiffany Leung2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Peretsman Scully Hall, Princeton, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.

Cogsci ... Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society (U.S.). Conference
|September 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Infants and children rely more on current observations than memory for visual perception, unlike adults. This developmental shift enhances immediate discrimination but reduces reliance on past experiences.

Keywords:
contraction biasimplicit memoryvisual perception

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Understanding how prior knowledge influences perception is crucial for developmental studies.
  • The integration of sensory input with accumulated experience changes across the lifespan.
  • Investigating this trajectory reveals insights into cognitive development and perceptual learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the impact of prior knowledge on visual perception across infants, children, and adults.
  • To explore the developmental course of integrating prior knowledge with new sensory information.
  • To determine how accumulated experience affects the ability to judge visual stimuli saturation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an identical visual perception task administered to participants of varying age groups.
  • Assessed the influence of accumulated experience on the judgment of relative saturation levels.
  • Employed sequentially-presented visual stimuli to measure perceptual discrimination and memory bias.

Main Results:

  • Infants and children demonstrated a greater reliance on immediate observations compared to adults.
  • Adults showed a more significant influence of memory on their perceptual judgments.
  • Younger participants exhibited superior performance in discriminating saturation levels and were less biased by prior examples.

Conclusions:

  • The developmental integration of memory into perception leads to less precise moment-to-moment discrimination.
  • This developmental process enables individuals to better utilize prior experience for interpreting complex environments.
  • Perceptual development involves a trade-off between immediate accuracy and the application of learned information.