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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
Published on: February 2, 2021
Identification of Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury from Intravenous Ketorolac in Geriatric Trauma Patients
Scott T Hall1, Alicia J Mangram2, Jeffrey F Barletta3
1Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic Health System, 700 West Avenue South, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA. hall.scott2@mayo.edu.
Background:
Ketorolac is an effective analgesic but the potential for acute kidney injury (AKI) is concerning, particularly in geriatric "G-60 trauma" patients. The objectives of this study are to report the incidence of AKI in patients who receive ketorolac, identify risk factors for AKI, and develop a risk factor-guided algorithm for safe utilization.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included trauma patients age 60 years and older who received intravenous ketorolac. The primary endpoint was the incidence of AKI.
Results:
Among 316 patients evaluated, the incidence of AKI was 2.5%. Patients with AKI received more nephrotoxins, had more comorbidities, and higher use of loop diuretics or vasopressors. Loop diuretic therapy and number of comorbidities were independent predictors of AKI.
Conclusions:
Risk for AKI with ketorolac was low, being more prevalent with comorbidities or receipt of loop diuretics.
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