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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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Introduction to the Special Issue: Opioids and the Workplace - Risk Factors and Solutions.

Jonathan Rosen1, Jennifer R Zelnick2, Jeanette Zoeckler3

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This summary is machine-generated.

The workplace is a critical, yet overlooked, factor in the opioid crisis. Addressing workplace safety, health, and drug policies is essential for worker opioid use disorder prevention and intervention.

Keywords:
opioidsoverdoseprimary preventionstigmatreatmentworkplace policies

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health Policy
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • The national response to the opioid crisis has largely neglected the workplace.
  • Workplace factors like injuries, stress, punitive drug policies, stigma, and inadequate treatment access contribute to opioid use disorder (OUD) among workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present cutting-edge research, commentaries, and calls to action on primary prevention and intervention for OUD in the workplace.
  • To address the intersection of the COVID-19 and opioid crises, high-risk occupations, health inequalities, and support programs.

Main Methods:

  • This special issue synthesizes research, activism, and policy analysis.
  • It includes discussions on employer/union programs, peer advocacy, worker training, and health parity for addiction treatment.

Main Results:

  • The workplace significantly influences OUD development and management.
  • Key areas for intervention include prevention, treatment access, and supportive policies for vulnerable workers.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating workplace safety, health, and drug policies is crucial for a comprehensive national opioid crisis response.
  • Further research, funding, and policy changes are needed to support workers affected by the opioid crisis.