Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

270
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
270
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

126
Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
126
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

203
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
203
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

2.5K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
2.5K
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use01:23

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

139
Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
139
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

1.3K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changes in leukocytes and CRP in different treatments of major depression.

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)·2026
Same author

Efficacy, moderators and mediators of cognitive behavioural analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) versus behavioural activation (BA) in persistently depressed treatment-resistant inpatients: study protocol for the multicentre, randomised controlled <i>changePDD</i> trial.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Differential DNA-methylation of synaptic genes in CSF and blood in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

A randomized controlled trial of an interactive digital therapeutic for stress and burnout management.

Npj mental health research·2025
Same author

NMDAR autoantibodies modify the phenotype of psychosis in severe brain inflammation.

The lancet. Psychiatry·2025
Same author

Decision tree-based approach to robust Parkinson's disease subtyping using clinical data of the Michael J. Fox Foundation LRRK2 cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in artificial intelligence·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
04:51

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

9.7K

Epinephrine levels decrease in responders after electroconvulsive therapy.

Christoph Pollak1, Hannah Benedictine Maier2, Nicole Moschny1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|September 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may alter epinephrine levels in patients with treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Responders showed a significant decrease in epinephrine after the initial ECT session, suggesting a role for catecholamine metabolism in treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
CatecholamineCortisolElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT)Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)Treatment-resistant depression

More Related Videos

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

12.3K
Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

17.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
04:51

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

9.7K
Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

12.3K
Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

17.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental health condition.
  • Treatment-resistant MDD (TRMDD) poses a significant clinical challenge.
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe TRMDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in catecholamine and cortisol levels during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
  • To explore the relationship between these neurochemical changes and treatment response to ECT.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from 29 TRMDD patients at three time points: before the first ECT (T1), 15 minutes after the first ECT (T2), and before the last ECT (T3).
  • Plasma catecholamine (epinephrine) and serum cortisol levels were analyzed.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare levels between time points and correlate with treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Patients who responded to ECT demonstrated a significant decrease in intraindividual epinephrine plasma levels between T1 and T2 (p=0.002).
  • No significant changes were observed in cortisol levels.
  • These findings suggest a dynamic alteration in catecholamine levels associated with ECT response.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a significant reduction in epinephrine levels following the initial ECT session in responders.
  • This suggests that catecholamine metabolism, including release and uptake, may play a crucial role in the therapeutic mechanisms of ECT for TRMDD.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise role of catecholamines in ECT efficacy for MDD.