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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Physiological pathways to rapid prosocial evolution.

Daniela Pörtl1, Christoph Jung

  • 1Psychiatric Department, Saale-Unstrut Klinikum, Teaching Hospital Leipzig and Jena Universities, Naumburg, Germany. d.poertl@t-online.de.

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Summary

Dog domestication involved epigenetic changes, not just genetics, by altering stress responses through prosocial interactions. This led to reduced stress, improved social learning, and inhibitory control in early dogs.

Keywords:
Active Social Domesticationdogdomesticationepigeneticstress axiswolf

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus) share a history as cooperative hunters, initially competing with humans.
  • Domestication involves reduced aggression and flight distance, necessitating changes in the stress axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the hypothesis of Active Social Domestication, proposing it as an epigenetic process.
  • To understand how interspecific prosocial contacts influenced dog domestication beyond genetic selection.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes an epigenetic framework for understanding dog domestication.
  • It highlights the role of serotonin release in initiating epigenetic changes in the stress axis.

Main Results:

  • Interspecific prosocial contacts epigenetically enhance the glucocorticoid negative feedback loop via serotonin.
  • Reduced chronic stress improves social learning and inhibitory control in dogs.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms affect cerebral receptor activity and regulate transposon expressions.

Conclusions:

  • Dog domestication is an epigenetic disclosure, involving changes in stress activity and brain function.
  • Epigenetic modifications enabled wolves to integrate into human social structures, becoming dogs.
  • Similar epigenetic processes may have influenced the development of human cognitive skills like art and culture.