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Model of pattern formation in epithelial morphogenesis.

B N Belintsev1, L V Beloussov, A G Zaraisky

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|December 21, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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Cellular self-organization drives the formation of polarized cell domains in epithelial sheets. This process, governed by cell-cell communication and mechanical feedback, generates diverse patterns like hexagonal nets or spotted structures.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Morphogenesis involves the universal formation of polarized cell domains from homogeneous epithelial sheets.
  • Understanding the self-organization principles underlying this process is crucial for developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cell polarization as a self-organization phenomenon based on experimentally proven mechanochemical cell properties.
  • To develop a phenomenological model describing collective cell polarization dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a phenomenological model incorporating cell polarization bistability, transmission, and feedback with elastic tensions.
  • Analyzed collective dynamic regimes of cell polarization using mathematical descriptions.
  • Compared model predictions with observed morphogenetic processes in sea urchins, skin derivatives, and hydrozoa.

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Main Results:

  • Model analysis revealed spontaneous transitions in cell layer morphology driven by symmetry breaking (Turing's instability).
  • Emergent patterns included long-range ordered structures (e.g., hexagonal nets) and non-regular spotted structures.
  • A stable macrostate emerged in fixed-dimension sheets, showing binary subdivision into polarized and non-polarized domains with invariant proportions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed mechanochemical model successfully explains the emergence of diverse cell polarization patterns through self-organization.
  • The findings provide insights into fundamental principles of morphogenesis and pattern formation in biological systems.
  • The model's parameters are experimentally accessible, allowing for further validation and investigation.