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Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Problem Hidden in the Shadows.

Konstantinos P Imprialos1, Konstantinos Koutsampasopoulos1, Aleksandra Katsimardou1

  • 1Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

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Summary

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) affects 40% of women, rising to 90% with cardiovascular disease. This review covers FSD causes, prevalence, and treatments, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and physician-patient dialogue.

Keywords:
Female sexual dysfunctioncardiovascular diseasediabetes mellitusdrug-related sexual dysfunctiondyslipidemiahypertensionsexual dysfunction treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Sexual Medicine

Background:

  • Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
  • Recent decades show significant advancements in FSD clinical management and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of FSD.
  • To report FSD prevalence in relation to cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and disease.
  • To review current and emerging FSD treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Studies focused on the association between FSD and CV risk factors/disease.
  • Relevant management options for FSD were also identified.

Main Results:

  • FSD prevalence is approximately 40% in the general population, higher with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
  • FSD affects up to 90% of patients with overt cardiovascular disease.
  • FSD is multifactorial, involving vascular, hormonal, interpersonal, and psychological elements; effective treatments are available.

Conclusions:

  • FSD is a significant public health issue impacting quality of life.
  • FSD prevalence increases with cardiovascular burden.
  • Enhanced physician awareness and open communication are crucial for effective FSD management.