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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

62
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
62
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

45
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
45
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

62
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
62
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

102
Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
102
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

32
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
32
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

49
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
49

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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
07:15

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Published on: September 2, 2021

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Recent advances in pericarditis.

Emanuele Bizzi1, Chiara Picchi1, Greta Mastrangelo2

  • 1Internal Medicine Department, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Piazzale Principessa Clotilde 3, 20121, Milano, Italy.

European Journal of Internal Medicine
|September 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in pericardial disease research highlight normal pericardial fluid composition and the efficacy of anti-IL-1 therapy for recurrent pericarditis (RP) in select patients. A conservative approach is recommended for chronic idiopathic effusions.

Keywords:
IL-1, antiIL-1Pericarditisautoinflammatorypericardial fluidpregnancy, lactation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Pericardial Diseases

Background:

  • Pericardial diseases encompass a spectrum from acute pericarditis to asymptomatic effusions.
  • Recent research has improved understanding of pericardial fluid composition and recurrent pericarditis (RP) pathogenesis.
  • Traditional diagnostic criteria for pericardial fluid may not be applicable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in the understanding and management of pericardial diseases.
  • To define reference intervals for normal pericardial fluid.
  • To evaluate therapeutic strategies for recurrent pericarditis and chronic pericardial effusions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of prospective studies defining normal pericardial fluid composition.
  • Systematic review of chronic idiopathic non-inflammatory pericardial effusions.
  • Review of clinical data on anti-interleukin-1 (IL-1) targeted therapies in recurrent pericarditis.

Main Results:

  • Normal pericardial fluid is rich in nucleated cells, proteins, albumin, and LDH, similar to inflammatory exudates; Light's criteria are inappropriate.
  • A 'wait-and-see' approach is suitable for oligosymptomatic chronic idiopathic pericardial effusions.
  • Anti-IL-1 therapies (anakinra, rilonacept) show significant efficacy in select patients with recurrent pericarditis, particularly those with high inflammatory markers and resistance to conventional treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate patient selection is crucial for successful anti-IL-1 therapy in recurrent pericarditis.
  • Anti-IL-1 therapy is contraindicated in non-inflammatory pericardial effusions.
  • Multidisciplinary management is essential for women of childbearing age with recurrent pericarditis considering pregnancy.